Lactic Acid

Niacinamide helps buffer the irritation potential of lactic acid exfoliation while both ingredients contribute to brightening. Lactic acid also acts as a humectant, complementing niacinamide's barrier-strengthening effects.

Lactic acid provides gentle exfoliation while also being a natural humectant itself. Paired with hyaluronic acid, this combination exfoliates and deeply hydrates simultaneously, resulting in smoother and plumper skin.

Lactic acid and retinol together increase the risk of over-exfoliation and barrier disruption. Separate usage to different times of day or alternate nights to minimize irritation.

Both are alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) that exfoliate the skin. Using two AHAs together significantly increases the risk of over-exfoliation, irritation, and barrier damage. Choose one AHA per routine rather than layering both.